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Counter-investigation and report review

An investigation report is unsound — what do you do?

The insurer bases its refusal or reduction on a report by an investigation firm. But who produced that report, and on what basis? We assess the report, expose the weaknesses and deliver a substantiated counter-report.

Good to know

The report is on the table — and you do not recognise your case in it

You reported the loss, an investigator attended, conversations and measurements followed — and now there is a report. It contains conclusions that to you are incomprehensible: the damage is said to have arisen gradually, the cause is said to lie with you, or worse: there is said to be a suspicion of fraud or intent. The insurer refuses, applies a deduction, or sets further conditions.

At that point it is time for an independent assessment. Not to argue, but to test whether the report meets the standards you are entitled to expect.

How investigation reports come about

Insurers have investigations carried out by specialist firms. Sometimes these are external parties, sometimes they are subsidiaries or firms in which the insurer is a (co-)owner. That is not in itself impermissible, but it does mean that the distance between client and investigator is small. The investigator works regularly for the same client and knows the expectations.

In addition: in the Netherlands anyone may describe themselves as an investigator. There is no statutory protection of the profession. That means the quality of reports varies enormously — from careful, methodically sound work to reports in which a conclusion is drawn on the basis of suspicion rather than evidence.

What we test in a report

1. Methodology

Has the investigator followed a structured, falsifiable approach? In fire investigation that is NFPA 921. In causation investigation the rule is: formulate a hypothesis, test it, exclude alternatives. We assess whether the investigator draws conclusions supported by the evidence — or whether there are leaps from observation to conclusion.

2. Facts versus interpretation

In a good report it is clear what has been observed and what that, according to the investigator, means. Many reports blur those two layers: the interpretation is presented as fact, and alternatives are not discussed. We separate those layers — and that is often the point of attack for refutation.

3. Right of response and procedural care

Were you given the opportunity to respond to draft findings? Has your statement been recorded fully and correctly? Person-focused investigation is subject to the Personal Investigation Code of Conduct (GPO) — a breach of that makes the report (partly) unusable.

4. Expertise of the investigator

Who carried out the investigation, what is that person’s background, and are they sufficiently qualified for this loss? A general causation investigator is not a fire investigator; a fire investigator is not an electrical engineer. Investigation outside one’s own area of expertise is a red flag.

5. Substantiation of exclusions

Where the insurer relies on a policy provision — “gradually occurring damage”, “overdue maintenance”, “fraud” — the report is often the keystone of that reliance. We test whether that substantiation stands on its own, even where the assumptions the insurer reads into it are taken away.

What a counter-report does

Where our investigation shows that the insurer’s report falls short, we produce a counter-report. In it we:

  • identify where the original report falls short methodologically;
  • supply the additional technical analyses that are missing;
  • formulate our own, substantiated conclusion on causation and cause;
  • advise on the correct application of the policy.

That counter-report goes to the insurer and, if it does not move, can serve as substantiation in Kifid proceedings or before the courts.

When you should engage us

The moment you receive a report in which you do not recognise what actually happened. Do not wait until you “have to sort it out yourself” with the insurer — substantive assessment of the report is specialist work, and the sooner you engage us, the more scope there is to secure additional factual material.

What you can do

  1. 1 Request the full investigation report — not just the summary or the refusal letter.
  2. 2 Also request underlying material: photographs, samples, witness statements, email correspondence.
  3. 3 Do not sign anything and do not give any supplementary statement until you have had the report assessed.
  4. 4 Engage an independent counter-expert before responding to the report.
  5. 5 Keep every version of the report and all communications from the insurer.

Frequently asked

What is the difference between a technical report and a factual investigation report?

A technical (or causation) report describes how the damage arose — for example the cause of fire or the source of the leak. A factual investigation report (also known as 'person-focused' investigation) concerns your conduct: did you act correctly, is your account correct, is there any suggestion of fraud. Factual investigation is subject to stricter rules (the Personal Investigation Code of Conduct) and a formal complaints procedure exists. We assess which type of report is before us and whether the applicable rules have been observed.

When is a report 'unsound'?

A report is unsound where conclusions are not supported by the observations, where alternative causes have not been investigated or excluded with reasons, where factual material is presented selectively, or where the investigator strays outside their area of expertise. Procedural shortcomings — for example no opportunity for response — also make a report open to challenge.

What procedure do you follow?

We assess the report, deliver a substantiated response to the insurer and, if it does not move, we contribute to a complaint via the internal complaints procedure, Kifid or proceedings before the courts. Often a sound, written counter-report is enough to cause the insurer's position to shift.

What does it cost me?

Our reasonable fees are reimbursed by your insurer — on top of your claim amount. That also applies where our efforts are directed at refuting their own report. Call +31 30 662 2424 for a no-obligation initial assessment.

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